Bleeding+Blue+and+Gray+-+6th

= ﻿ Reading Log: Bleeding Blue and Gray = = Week #1 - 11/17 - 11/19﻿ =
 * Day of Discussion || Date to complete reading: || Read the following pages: ||
 * Friday || 11/19 || 1-54 ||
 * Tuesday || 11/23 || 55-109 ||
 * Thursday || 12/2 || 109-163 ||
 * Friday || 12/10 || 164-218 ||
 * Friday || <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">12/17 || <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">219-273 ||
 * <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Friday || <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1/7 || <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">274-324 ||

Discussion Questions (Group Member One: Courtney):

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1. In what way is the first chapter one of military history? How did the winning side receive treatment? How did the losing side receive treatment? <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Response__: We thought that chapter 1 was one of military history because of the way Rutkow intertwines the medical advances with military advances, and tells medical stories within the military stories. The battles showed how underprepared, both medically and militarily, they were. Regarding which side got better medical care, we thought that both sides were pretty equal, the treatment for both kinda sucked. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2. Why were the doctors so unsanitary and careless when amputating/treating the patients? Do you think they cared about the patients health, and if he/she survived the operation? (pg 32) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Response__: We discussed that it wasn't that the doctors didn't care about the patients, but it was that they cared about *all* of them. They wanted to get through all of them, so they did the work quickly, and unfortunately, badly. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3. Does this author have a bias? If not, where are some places he could assume a bias, but doesn't? <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Response__: We said no, the author didn't assume a bias. He talks from both sides of the argument, and discusses each one fairly. He could have talked about how the leaders weren't qualified, but if he did, he talked about the other side of things as well. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">4. Why was Benjamin Rush's theory of "bleeding, blistering, and purging" (41) so easily accepted? Why did no one challenge him until Nathan Smith? (55) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Response__: A great quote from our discussion was that Rush's theory of "bleeding, blistering, and purging" was so easily accepted because "no one wanted to challenge hope" -Nikki. They so readily believed them because it was easier to just accept it than to give up hope.

Important Phrases or Vocabulary (Group Member Two: Nikki):

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1.) "...[there was one] who remained a prisoner for more than a year until he was repatriated under a flag of truce" <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Page: 31: <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Paragraph: 2 (second full paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Line #: 10-11 (in set paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Explanation: I personally think this really set the tone for the novel. People see surgery as something that might be taken for granted; you need it, its there. But this shows how desperate people were for just a surgeon; they held him as a prisoner for a year just for his knowledge, only 'returning' him when the two enemies had drawn a close to their fight. People were desperate for help. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2.) "Indeed, neither literacy nor prior academic achievements not good moral standing was of consequence as long as therewas an ability to pay the necessary matriculation fees" <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Page: 50-51 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Paragraph: 2 (second full paragraph [spreads over the next page]) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Line#: 4-7 (in set paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Explanation: This shows just how unqualified some of the people were that people put their trust in. Where some were genuinely good doctors or physicians, this shows that one could have nothing of an academic background to help support their knowledge and still get through based off the money in their pocket. This seems to be a dramatic showing of what trust the people fighting for their beliefs put into the hands of the unknowing physicians. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3.) "Opposition to Rush's heroic therapies coalesced into a growing social and economic movement" <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Page:54 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Paragraph: 3 (third full paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Line#: 1-2 (in set paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Explanation: Just the fact that what seem today to be simple procedures could have such an impact is saying something. If something like this could cause such a wave in the economic and social movements, it shows that medicine was not just medicine. It was the single hope that many held on to and relied on, however unbalanced as it was. This is the same for today, however these people were putting their hopes into the unknown, hoping they would get something in return.

Summary of Pages Read (Group Member Three: Sam)

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">This first section's main focus was to introduce the reader to the realities of the civil war and the lack of medical knowledge of the nintenth century. The Battle at Bull Run was one of the bloodiest battles of the civil war. The union troops faced high casualties and many wounded troops that were in desperate need of medical attention, and often they were in need of proper amputation suguries. Sudley Church was one of the many churches, schools, and other buildings that was transformed into a field hospital. Conditions were horrendous for both surgeons and soldiers because there was a lack of water and supplies such as dressings for wounds. These makeshift hospials were incredibly dirty and the floors were covered in hay and blood. Doctor would mvoe from patient to patient all day long without breaks. Their work was never finished. We also learn that a huge killer in the civil war wasn't infact the opposing side, but in fact a enemy that people couldn't see at all. Diseases probably killed more people than guns did. They spread very easily because wounded soldiers (often with totally exposed wounds) were more succeptible to diseases. In addition, the churches in which the wounded resided were extremely confined buildings. The closer the contact, the easier the diseases spread. At the time, little was known about how diseases such as yellow fever, tuberculosis, and various bacterial infections were even contracted, much less as cured or treated. More factors in the failed medical plans in the civil war is that many of the physicians were very unqualified to do the work. There were only a handful of experianced and seasoned surgeons and physicians that properly handled each patient. The last factor mentioned about the failed medical plans of the civil war is that The actualy generals did not plan their attacks effectively and for the benefit of safety for the soldier. Many times soldiers were led into a situation where they could never win. For example the Fire Zuaves of the union army were bombarded by bullets from the confederates because they were unprepared. Overall no one knew what they were doing whether planning <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">an attack or performing a medical procedure.

Most Important Quote of Pages Read (Group Member Four: Kelly)

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Quote: "At that time, no doctor could conceive of diseases and treatments in anything resembling today's scientific terms" <span style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">(pg. 40). <span style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Explanation: The section we read last week talked about the hardships of new technology with medicine. Doctor's were not as prepared and patients were not getting the proper attention for their specific ailments. This quote sums up how doctor's were not <span style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">knowledgeable enough to determine what a disease was and how to treat it.

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** Week #2 - 11/19 - 11/23 ** = <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000080; font-family: chalkboard; font-size: 20px; line-height: 29px;">Discussion Questions (Group Member One: Kelly):

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1. With the lack of sanitation that kept patients from getting better, what ways did the doctors work with them with their lack of equipment or knowledge? <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿They didn't prevent it. They were not focused on the sanitation that was going on but were focused on the patients they were trying to save. Their main goal was quantity over quality. They did not want to waste time cleaning up after each procedure because they knew they had more patients waiting for treatments. They just did not know or think about what made the conditions un-sanitary. They were not aware of what were the causes of deaths by not just the war, but from diseases and un sanitary conditions of the hospitals. "Since he was a new yorker, smith devoted much of his time.." (Pg. 81). Doctor's were known for devoting themselves to patients, but didn't realize that that meant the conditions sof their workspace as well. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2. What assumptions does the author make about the world that is explored in the text? Does he think that the doctor’s should have tried something different?

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">They did the best they could, it was to hard to change at that point. He thought their was no hope and these patients were going to die just because of the un-sanitary health conditions. He did not think that the doctors were pushing boundaries to figure out the problems in their hospitals. He acknowledges them for trying to help people but thinks they didnt go anywhere with their brains. They could have done more and even saved more lives with the facts he gave in this section. <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3.What did Bellows, Olmsted, Strong and several New York City doctors expect to get from talking to the president? Was he the right person to go to when trying to fix the sanitation problems?

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">They wanted Finley and Cameron out of office. They should have gone to the president because although he has many other things to focus on, he will get things started. They went to the president to get attention and make it be known they need help. They knew for sure the president is the one person that could make things happen and fast. Because their was no head of sanitation, they created a sergeant General. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">4.Where does the author display a preference or prejudice toward one “side” of the arguments explored in the text?

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿He displays hopelessness with his word choice. He talks about what happens in the middle of the war, when their were no signs of help or calm. He chooses modes to portray through the people with a sense of hopelessness and a view that nothing good will come of all this; the war.

Important Phrases or Vocabulary (Group Member Two: Courtney):

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1.) ﻿<span style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">"Among the most powerful politicians the commission approached was Senator Henry Wilson, a stocky man with a ruddy complexion, gray hair, who achieved prominence in Massachusetts politics successively as a <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Whig [Defined:a member of the patriotic party during the Revolutionary period], <span style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> a Free-Soiler, a Know-Nothing, and finally a Republican."

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Page: 99 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paragraph: 3 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Line #: 1 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Explanation: ﻿This sentence stuck out to me because of how descriptive it was. Ira Rutkow seems to be a master of description. He uses phrases like this one often in the text, which gives a good background into the reading ahead. My question is, does Rutkow assume a bias when using this particular language? <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">2.) "Grasping the ebony wooden handle of the slender instrument while assistants held the soldier's head motionless and pressing his considerable weight downward, Hammond twisted the saw back and forth to bore through the thick bone."

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Page: 84 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paragraph: 2 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Line#: 16 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px;">Explanation: This sentence describes well the horrible ways doctors 'treated' the patients. It was all about a race for time for them, so that they could get to each patient. In this particular case, as in most, the patient died. The doctors were careless and I think that this quote shows that very well. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">3.) "By the eve of the Civil War, the American practice of medicine had become a hodgepodge of therapeutic philosophies colored by a growing skepticism in matters clinical."

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Page:65 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paragraph: 1 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Line#: 1 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Explanation: This quote sums up Chapter 2 nicely. It says that more and more people were becoming skeptic of the medical ways of treatment, and believing more in the philosophies of them instead. <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">Definition of hodgepodge: a heterogeneous mixture

Summary of Pages Read (Group Member Three: Nikki) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">﻿This chapter really captured the uncertainty and questioning of this time period. It went into detail of several different physicians, including Finley, Bellows, Keen, Olmsted, and Agnew, all of which had varyingly different opinions and takes on medicine. However, there was one central point that was focused on in these pages; the lack of sanitation. Diseases, injuries, and wounds took many lives of many innocent people, however there was always a dark knight in the background just waiting to capture more victims; lack of hygiene. Several acts were brought upon to raise the awareness of this issue. Keen, in particular, was very aware of it. He shared that how his professor of surgery "'operated on the same table on which the cadaver was demonstrated" (Rutkow 64). As seen before in our previous section, sanitation was not taken into account when three-minute amputations were done, and clearly it wasn't thought about here. So no matter if the surgeons mastered all the surgeries required, they would always be working side-by-side with an invisible contamination.

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px;">Most Important Quote of Pages Read (Group Member Four: Sam)

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">"The general hygiene was bad, the company and regimental officers did not know how to care for their men, and the men, and the men themselves seemed to be perfectly helpless."(76 Rutkow) <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 33px;">Week #3-12/2 Discussion Questions (Group Member One: Sam)

<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Why do you think it took the government until now to make health and hygiene rules, and what kept them from doing so? <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">If new hospitals were built, why didn’t the sanitation problem go away? <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Do you think funding for medical research would’ve helped more then money for the Hospitals?
 * <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Quantity over quality, they cared too much about the war then making rules
 * <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">With the soldiers they wouldn’t immediantely think that sanitation the issue, instead they thought that the enemy was getting stronger so they focused on war instead of cleanliness because they didn’t understand it
 * <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">They didn't understand that sanitation was the issue
 * <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Because they spent a lot of money on the new hospital, they were understaffed and only had four people in each ward.
 * <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">p.147 - “Using that era’s scientific know-how, no one, not physician, politician, or soldier, knew the answer, nor could any of them fathom how to resolve the army’s health care problem.”
 * <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">they didn’t have the money, and they couldn’t dive into researching an unknown area of medicine head first

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="color: #000080; font-family: chalkboard; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 29px;">Important Phrases or Vocabulary (Group Member Two: Kelly): ** =

1.) "The wounded were taken by stretcher bearers to the nearby medical officers, who waited for the ambulance wagon to arrive." Page: 142  Paragraph: 3  Line:5th line from the top.  Explanation: The stretcher bearers were people who took the wounded on the stretcher to a medical facility. These people had very important jobs because they had to make sure they did not rock to stretcher or hurt the vicitms even more with the transportation. The stated this quote is in is a state of flurry and confusion when someone is hurt. Medical facilities could be very far away and people need to be very on top of their job to have the system work.

2.) "Letterman's plan was audacious, but he needed to guarantee more efficient battlefield evacuations." Page: 146  Paragraph: 1st full paragraph  Line: 1st to 2nd line.  Explanation: This was a big decision on Letterman's part that added to the difference of the whole book. Audacious means extremely bold or daring. In the times of war it was extremely difficult for a leader to have to make tough decisions when it came down to people's lives and their families' lives. Lerrerman had to make a bold statement on how to better transport vicitims and the way it was going to get down. To speak with the new plan people will criticize but that is part of being a leader.

3.) "Hamilton believed that twenty thousand soldiers on the Peninsula were suffereing from scurvy and unfit to fight." Page:125  Paragraph: 1st full paragraph  Line: 1st to 2nd line.  Explanation: Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C (dictionary.com). Not just scurvy was plaguing the soldiers of the war. To figure out the cause these deaths and about the disease itself was a medical discovery. This uncovering of a disease was something great but something that hurt the group overall. People were to weak to fight and they were dying all over the fields. Hospitals were over crowded and because of the sanitation in many of the hospitals, their situation grew worse.

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px;">Summary of Pages Read (Group Member Three: Courtney) This section of reading was all about reforms in the hospitals and how patients were treated. It talked mostly about Hammond's ideas for new hospitals, and about why they needed to happen. The section started out with the problems with getting soldiers on and off the battlefield safely, and without causing more injuries. The "Finely" ambulance was created, and while it was there, it wasn't very effective. There were all sorts of problems with it, the main one being that it caused more injuries to the already wounded soldiers. From there, it only created room for improvement, and new and more efficient ambulances were brought to the battlefields. The section then talks about how bad the American hospitals were in comparison to British ones. "By the time of the Crimean War, most of the major European armies employed some combination of trained stretcher bearers and ambulance wagons" (143). The paragraphs continued to talk about the better hospitals. So, with the competition of other countries, Hammond created new and amazing hospitals. So forward were these hospitals, Hammond is looked upon today as the creator of one of the first modern hospitals. This section as a whole was dedicated to the improvement of the horrible conditions of the wounded, and by the end of it, it seemed like the conditions were dramatically improving. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; visibility: visible;">Most Important Quote of Pages Read (Group member Four: Nikki) <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 30px;">Quote: "Using the era's scientific know-how, no one, not physician, politician, or soldier, knew the answer, nor could any of them fathom how to resolve the army's health care problem" (Rutkow 147). <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%; line-height: 30px;">Explanation: Throughout the book there has been a common trend of the problematic health issues. However, up until this point, it was always disguised by something else, whether it be a new contract that would improve it, doctors who were working on it, or just simply the success that many doctors had. It was following the path of being "sugar-coated", letting the hope shadow the reality of "good" health care. Here, however, the author states it. They are lost, they are helpless, and they are restless against the fight with health care. What they do not know is that health care will forever be under questioning.

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 33px; line-height: 49px;">Week #4

Discussion Questions (Group Member One: Nikki):

1. It is stated and referenced (on the bottom of page 162) that sanitation was something that finally seemed to be tamed, as more and newer people started to trust it. If our people back then never realized or adapted this new way of life, how different do you think our society today would be? Would just our health change, or would a chain reaction occur? What links would make up that chain? -We thought and agreed that society as a whole would change, not just in a medical matter. We mapped out an example of a chain reaction, and figured out that if people grew more sick today, jobs would slowly falter, and the economy would plummet further than it has gone. If people are too sick due to poor care, everything would collapse as a result.

2. Do you think it was smart of them to put all this work into investigating the sanitation problem while they were still performing three-minute amputations? What if they focused on perfecting their surgeries? If they thought of anesthesia earlier, they could have performed more surgeries, therefore saving more lives. If “both” was not an option, which would you choose: sanitation or technique? Why? We had two sides: Sanitation: You cannot have a successful surgery without being clean about it, and even perfecting surgical techniques would not matter due to the lurking sanitation issue at hand. You can do a textbook perfect surgery, but your patient will most likely receive a disease from the lack of sanitation, destroying your "perfect" work. That being said, they were right to put all their effort into the sanitation issue, as it would benefit them more in the future. Technique: While sanitation is a huge issue, the manner of how things are done is as well. If someone had a perfect surgery and sanitation was the only thing to worry about, that might be better. If there were surgeries that were done improperly, not only would you have to think about sanitation being an issue, but several other things as well. Therefore, technique should have been looked into more than sanitation, as it would set up guidelines for the future.

3.Why do you believe the troops were so ill equipped? If they spent all the time in looking into their sanitation drama, why did they have “a total of just 45 mule-driven ambulances instead of the requested 170” (Rutkow 186)? Were they really slacking on quantities, or was it something else? Ignoring the solution later supplied in the book, why do you think this happened initially? While recalling an experience on the field, Henry Bowditch recalled of “Fearful drivers abandoning their ambulances before they reached enemy lines and of men who ‘sulked or swore or laughed’ but did little to assist the injured” (Rutkow 187). Was it because they might not have had fully devoted soldiers that things that seemed to be easily fixed were left in scraps? If they had more ambulances, more of the injured would get help, inducing more of the sanitation reform to be brought into the light, therefore causing more saved lives. Why do you think they didn’t link the chain together? -We didn't get to this question-

4. After introducing the new ambulance plan, it was said that doctors and surgeons became more “energetic and capable” (Rutkow 198). Did this surprise you at all, considering the gore-hungry physicians that previously had footprints in war? In your own words, how do you believe they reached this point? Was there new inspiration? New hope? -We were not all that surprised, as we saw how everything else picked up the pace around it. However, in taking a step back, it really shows how far and quickly the physicians progressed.

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="color: #000080; font-family: chalkboard; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 29px;">Important Phrases or Vocabulary (Group Member Two: Sam): ** =

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">Summary of Pages Read (Group Member Three: Kelly)

This week we read the section that started on page 165 to 219 in our book. True treatments for patients were hard to come by as medical students became bad surgeons. “Bowditch’s initial concerns about the ambulance system stemmed from a request by Surgeon General Hammond that he accompany a squadron of ambulances searching for Union wounded” (Pg. 185). The ambulance system in the war would play a large part in the soldier’s safety. Many soldiers complained about the rickety vehicles and broken down train cars. Many of the group leaders during the war were so appalled that they went to the Society for Medical Improvement. The society went to the newspapers and journals to make note of the condition that soldier’s had to go to get to hospitals. <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">Most Important Quote of Pages Read (Group Member Four: Courtney) <span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 30px;">Quote: "Letterman's decision was groundbreaking: Any physician under his command who wanted to preform surgical operations would be expected to have a level of technical expertise commensurate with his title, 'operating surgeon'" (203). <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; line-height: 30px;">Explanation: I chose this quote because it really sums up what a lot of the reading was about, which was change and improvements. There were women starting to play a role in the hospitals, as nurses, and there were new hospitals and ambulances made. This quote, this //change,// in particular was the best one by far. It helped make the hospitals more efficient and more effective. There were less amputations, though there were still a lot compared to our modern numbers. The fact that physicians had to have some sort of skill to be a military doctor was what I believe the best achievement so far in the book, which is why I chose it as the essential quote.

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 33px; line-height: 49px; text-indent: 0.5in;">Week #5 - 12/13-12/17

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: chalkboard; font-size: 20px; line-height: 29px; text-indent: 0.5in;">Discussion Questions (Group Member One: Courtney): <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1. Why do you think some of the men mentioned on pages 253 and 254 were faking diseases? What did they hope to gain by doing so? How did the doctors test to see if they were faking? <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2. How did the doctors during the draft evaluate the men going into the army? What were two different opinions on how many men the physicians should evaluate per day? (261) <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3. What did Stephen Smith do for the whole medical world? What were his contributions, and who opposed him?

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Responses: <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 1. The main reason men were faking their diseases was because they didn't want to go to war. They thought that it was better, and it probably was, to stay home and fake a disease rather than go to war. It worked sometimes too, they got sent home with fake eye or bodily diseases. Another reason brought up was because they wanted attention, people greeted the "wounded" as heros. The doctors used anesthesia to test their eyes for diseases and used it to test pain. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2. The doctors really dropped the ball when evaluating potential men for the war. They got more money with the more men they checked out, so a lot of injured men who shouldn't have been in the war ended up in it. Someone said in order to accurately see if someone was fit for war, there should be about 50 people per day. Some of the doctors though, were handling up to 150 men a day! The normal ones averaged about 60, and those men evaluated were done pretty well. They pretty much took everyone, unless they were //severely// handicapped. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 3. Stephen Smith did a lot for the medical world. He made checklists for doctors and nurses to use when operating, or simply taking care of a patient. He went around to each hospital and checked them all for new sanitation issues. On page 266, he helped with the treatment of the mentally ill. He began not only a sanitary reform, but kickstarted the New york Sanitary Association. No one really opposed him, because all of the work he was doing was great and good things for the hospitals.

Important Phrases or Vocabulary (Group Member Two: Nikki):

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">1.) "Perley raged that 'the principal medical officer is not equal to his responsible station, and has failed in his duty, either from having too much to do or from neglect" <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Page: 221 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paragraph: 1 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Line #: 24-27 (in set paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Explanation: I found that this quote showed some lag in the medical system, yes, but also showed major progression. Back in the beginning of the book, all that was seen were physicians that had no idea what they were doing, how they were doing it, or why. Most importantly, they did not seem to care in any of those situations. Maybe all they wanted the money, maybe they wanted the glorifying aspect of putting your mark in the war. Here, however, this point is being addressed. The concern now is no longer how fast someone is amputating something, but what care they are putting into keeping that person safe. I thought this quote had excellent wording, as it addresses the old problem and the new. The physicians now seem to have too much to do, as they have to put more care and concern in each patient's individual care. All in all, however, that is mountains higher than when patients were greeted with nothing but neglect and death. <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2.) "After arriving in Washington, the sick and wounded were met at the wharves [a landing place or pier where ships may tie up and load or unload] by enormous milling [the operation of cutting, shaping, finishing, or working products manufactured in a mill] crowds" <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Page: 230 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paragraph: 1 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Line#: 1-2 (in set paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Explanation: As a common theme, I found that this quote also showed major progression. Although the definition of 'milling' seems a little unfit, I found that using this wording was essential to emphasize the point. Before the new development of their new medical system arrived, the wounded were maybe left on the field, maybe even forgotten. However, after this new system developed, things took a turn for positive change. For me 'milling crowds' meant that the crowds were so full that people were shaping themselves into the crowd. In other words, the wharf was overflowing with people to a point where people were desperately trying to cut themselves into the crowd. I think this shows how much of a difference there was in the care for the wounded. The wounded were no longer forgotten; they were remembered, because they mattered. They were greeted by loved ones instead of the unwelcome visitor of death.

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">3.) "Recognizing that immediate prospects for a legislative fix of the city's hygiene problems were unlikely...." <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Page:268 <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paragraph: 2 (second full paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Line#: 1-2 (in set paragraph) <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Explanation: I thought this quote served as a reminder. The past two quotes were rich in word choice as they portrayed this development of change. But that was just what it was: a development. It was not a cure, it was not an immediate fix. This quote proves just that. Just because sanitation was being ingrained (slowly) back into the war, it never implied that it was ingraining itself everywhere. The sanitation problems did seem to improve, however past results and attempts at fixing it completely were very unsuccessful. This is just reminding us as readers that the one powerful and dangerous enemy of poor sanitation was still there, no matter how many times they tried to shoot it down.

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">Summary of Pages Read (Group Member Three: Sam)

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">Most Important Quote of Pages Read (Group Member Four: Kelly)]

<span style="color: #0f0f80; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">"I cannot, and will not stand it to have a drunken tyrant lord it over me." (Pg.241). <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px;">This quote relates to the section we read because it talks about ruling over. In the war it is known that everyone has their roles. Because of all the problems they were having with sanitation, control problems with patients they need leaders who are fit to preform. It is important that the leaders are ready to go to way and all the precussions that go with it.